Internet and landline services were also cut off in the enclave after key telecommunications infrastructure was damaged, according to a Palestinian ministry.

The Israeli military said it fired warning shots at people it referred to as suspects who it said had advanced toward its troops hundreds of yards from the aid site prior to its opening hours.

After reports of violence outside aid sites in Gaza, the Wall Street Journal analyzed satellite imagery, video and witness testimony, and found that the U.S.-led, Israel-backed process has led to chaos and deaths.