In 1947, the first transistor, a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), was invented in the Bell Laboratory and has since led to the age of information technology. In recent decades, there has been a ...

Nanoscale transistors are in demand for efficient digital circuits, and biasing of each device is critical. These stringent biasing conditions can be relaxed by obtaining precise values of the ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become the workload that defines today’s semiconductor scaling. Whether in hyperscale data centers training foundation models or at the network edge executing ...

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is a vital part of modern electronics, used in designing and manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs) that power many digital devices. CMOS ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...

Find a downloadable version of this story in pdf format at the end of the story. DISCUSSIONS ABOUT GaN (gallium nitride) transistors and diodes have focused upon the potential of the new material to ...

In the field of semiconductor fabrication, high-k dielectrics represent a class of materials with a dielectric constant significantly higher than traditional silicon dioxide. These materials are ...

Not every computer can make use of a disk drive when it needs to store persistent data. Embedded systems especially have pushed the development of a series of erasable programmable read-only memories ...

On a physical level, a transistor’s internal functioning is very complex, but, in practice, using it in some simple experiments is quite easy and affordable for everyone. A transistor allows to create ...