However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center scientists have discovered a novel subset of cancer-fighting immune cells that reside outside of their normal neighborhood – ...

At the surface, the immune response to a flu virus is simple. Some cells recognize the pathogen and send a signal to the immune system, and immune cells produce a potentially lifesaving antibody ...

Humans encounter innumerable pathogenic bacteria, viruses and other microbes in their day-to-day activities. While infections from some pathogens can be easily cleared by the innate immune system, ...

Tissue samples from head and neck cancer patients that show tumor “neighborhoods.” The image on the left is more diffuse because it has dysfunctional, exhausted immune cells, while the image on the ...

Conjugate vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to protein carriers, enabling T cell-dependent immune responses that induce high-affinity antibodies and ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...