The purpose of this guideline is to provide users of lithium-ion (Li-ion) and lithium polymer (LiPo) cells and battery packs with comprehensive information to safely handle them under normal and ...

Lithium batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices due to their high energy density and low self-discharge rate. The lithium-ion battery is the most common type of lithium battery, which ...

In solid-state batteries, solid electrolytes – the charge-carrying components between the two electrodes – are used instead of liquid or polymer gel electrolytes in current lithium-ion or lithium ...