This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

A well-established technique, acid-base titration is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. In practice, it involves adding a solution of known strength ...

Adding ethanol during lipase-catalyzed butter modification suppresses free fatty acid accumulation by up to 91.8 percent while driving the formation of fruity ethyl esters.

Heterogeneous catalysts speed up chemical reactions by being in a different state than the reactants. They are efficient and stable, even under challenging conditions such as high temperature or ...